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Nor did this imply solely the native welfare of the papacy, سعر الذهب بالدولار the nice order and peace of the Patrimony of Peter. Though not all are found in anybody narrative, there is no such thing as a good motive for doubting their basic accuracy. But are they the stuff of fantasy? Kleinclausz (l'Empire Carolingien, etc., Paris, 1902, 441 sqq.) denies the authenticity of the famous letter (871) of Emperor Louis II to the Greek Emperor Basil (wherein the former recognizes fully the papal origin of his own imperial dignity), and attributes it to Anastasius Bibliotheca in 879. His arguments are weak; the authenticity is admitted by Gregorovius and O. Harnack. Peter and Paul, the pope approached him, placed upon his head the imperial crown, did him formal reverence after the historical method, saluted him as Emperor and Augustus and anointed him, while the Romans current burst out with the acclamation, thrice repeated: "To Carolus Augustus crowned by God, mighty and pacific emperor, be life and victory" (Carolo, piisimo Augusto a Deo coronato, magno et pacificio Imperatori, vita et victoria). Despite the earlier goodwill and assist of the papacy, the Emperor of Constantinople, official heir of the imperial title (he nonetheless referred to as himself Roman Emperor, and his capital was formally New Rome) had long proved incapable of preserving his authority within the Italian peninsula.

However, the event of Christmas Day, 800, was lengthy resented at Constantinople, where ultimately the successor of Charles was often called "Emperor", or "Emperor of the Franks", however never "Roman Emperor". Then again, there seems no motive to doubt that for some time earlier the elevation of Charles had been mentioned, both at residence and at Rome, particularly in view of two information: the scandalous condition of the imperial government at Constantinople, and the acknowledged grandeur and solidity of the Carolingian house. It could also be famous right here that the chroniclers of the ninth century treat as "restitution" to St. Peter the various cessions and أسعار الذهب مباشر grants of cities and territory made at this period by the Carolingian rulers within the bounds of the Patrimony of Peter. Suffice it to add here that whereas the imperial consecration made him in theory, what he was already in reality, the principal ruler of the West, and impropriated, because it have been, in the Carolingian line the majesty of historical Rome, it additionally lifted Charles without delay to the dignity of supreme temporal protector of Western Christendom and particularly of its head, the Roman Church.

Baluze, I, 247, 341, 345); additionally that after the ceremony he made very rich gifts to the Basilica of St. Peter, and that on the identical day the pope anointed (as King of the Franks) the youthful Charles, son of the emperor and at the moment most likely destined to succeed within the imperial dignity. Leo was sent again to Rome escorted by royal missi; the insurgents, completely frightened and unable to convince Charles of the pope's iniquity, surrendered, and the missi sent Paschalis and Campulus, nephews of Adrian I and ringleaders in opposition to Pope Leo, to the king, to be handled at the royal pleasure. Charles, it is true, after his imperial consecration exercised practically at Rome his authority as Patricius, or protector of the Roman Church. This (the Duchy of Rome and the Exarchate) he considerably omitted from the partition of the Frankish State made on the Diet of Thionville, in 806. It's to be famous that on this public division of his property he made no provision for the imperial title, additionally that he dedicated to all three sons "the defence and protection of the Roman Church".

In any case, for the reason that Donation of Pepin (752) the pope was formally sovereign of the duchy of Rome and the Exarchate; hence, other than its impact on his shadowy declare to the sovereignty of all Italy, the Byzantine ruler had nothing to lose by the elevation of Charles. This decision produced a domino impact. In reality this Roman patriciate, each underneath Pepin and Charles, was no more than a excessive protectorship of the civil sovereignty of the pope, whose local independence, both before and after the coronation of Charles, is traditionally sure, even other than the aforesaid imperial charters. It is certain that Charles always attributed his imperial dignity to an act of God, gold price today made identified of course by the agency of the Vicar of Christ (divino nutu coronatus, a Deo coronatus, in "Capitularia", ed. Charles obtained the Vicar of Christ with all due reverence. Long before this event Pope Adrian I had conferred (774) on Charles his father's dignity of Patricius Romanus, which implied primarily the safety of the Roman Church in all its rights and privileges, above all within the temporal authority which it had regularly acquired (notably in the former Byzantine Duchy of Rome and the Exarchate of Ravenna) by just titles within the course of the 2 preceding centuries.